Crossbreeding study points to healthier future for flat-faced dogs

Researchers at the Royal Veterinary College, working with the RSPCA, Blue Cross and the British Veterinary Association's Animal Welfare Foundation, studied 150 pet pugs and pug-crosses such as puggles (pug-beagle crosses) and jugs (pug-Jack Russell crosses) to compare their health. Each dog underwent a standard respiratory function grading test, along with dental, neurological and, where relevant, skin fold assessments.

The differences were striking. Severe airway disease was found in 47.1% of purebred pugs, compared with just one cross-bred dog across the whole study group, and 38.3% of purebreds had skin fold dermatitis versus none of the puggles or jugs, even where skin folds were present. Eye, orthopaedic and neurological problems were also more common in the purebred dogs. Purebred owners reported a median monthly vet spend of £45, against £10 for crossbreed owners, and were less likely to rate their dog's quality of life as excellent.

The study's authors argue that purposeful, carefully managed crossbreeding offers a practical route to healthier companion dogs without losing the qualities owners value, and that such programmes deserve recognition from kennel clubs and breeders as a welfare tool rather than a departure from breed standards. For anyone choosing a dog, or planning a breeding programme, the findings are a useful reminder to weigh health alongside appearance and temperament.